黄瓜枯萎病与抗性遗传育种进展

黄瓜枯萎病是影响世界各地黄瓜生产的重要土传病害,生产上一旦发生,造成的损失高达30%～50%.因此对黄瓜枯萎病病原菌的研究和对枯萎病抗性育种研究具有重要意义.本文通过对黄瓜枯萎病病原菌的生物学特性、鉴定方法,黄瓜枯萎病抗性机理、抗病性遗传规律及生物技术应用方面的综述,为黄瓜枯萎病防治和抗病育种工作提供理论指导;通过总结黄瓜枯萎病抗病育种的成就和不足,以供借鉴和指导今后工作的发展方向.     

Fertilization Management for Improving Quality Properties of Spring Wheat in Northeast China

Fertilization management to improve quality properties of spring wheat cultivars has received little research attention in Northeast China. In this study, the effects of different fertilization management regimes on the quality properties of spring wheat cultivar New Kehan 9 (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated for two years. The results showed that fertilization consistently increased wheat yield, and the highest yield was obtained with addition of N, P and NPK fertilizers. The NPK treatment resulted in 50% more yield than the unfertilized plot. The average increases in protein content from NPK and NP at seeding + N at anthesis over no fertilization and NP fertilizers at seeding were 2.7% and 0.90% respectively. The highest protein yields were achieved in NPK and NPK + N treatments, and the lowest protein yield was observed in the no fertilizer treatment due to both low protein content and grain yield. Fertilization increased gliadins content, but decreased glutenins content, thus the gliadins/glutenins ratios were higher in the fertilization treatments. The most obvious effect of fertilization on kernel quality was the significant increase of hardness percentage. Although the dough rheological properties were not strongly changed by fertilization, dry gluten and wet gluten were significantly increased, and the highest bread volume and bread score were found in the NPK treatment in both years. The application of 3% urea at anthesis, or applying 45 kg ha-1 of potassium sulphate at seeding, with urea and diammonium phosphate as basal applications, significantly increased protein yield and improved quality properties of this wheat cultivar.     

中间砧对“茂谷橘橙”树体和果实品质的影响

以蕉柑、芦柑和改良橙作为茂谷橘橙的中间砧,对各中间砧组合的亲和性、树体及枝梢生长表现、产量和果实品质等进行比较研究,结果表明,3种中间砧与接穗的亲和性无显著差异,均表现为亲和力强;改良橙作中间砧的冠径,春梢、夏梢、秋梢的生长:量和早期产量均显著地低于蕉柑、芦柑的。高接5年后,3种中间砧对产量的影响无显著差异。3种中间砧对茂谷橘橙果实外观品质和内部品质的影响都不明显。     

氮钾配施对花菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

花菜氮、钾配施试验研究结果表明:氮、钾肥料配合施用不仅能够增加产量,提高果实中Vc和糖分含量,改善品质,而且能够促进花菜对氮、磷、钾等养分的吸收,提高肥料利用率.     

高产中籼稻新品种豫籼5号的选育及其应用

本文阐述了高产中籼稻新品种豫籼5号的选育经过,参加河南省南部稻区中籼稻良种区域试验、生产试验及其初步生产应用的产量表现、特征特性和栽培技术.     

湖南西瓜抗枯萎病育种研究初报

经苗期接种鉴定与疫土直播鉴定，湖南省西瓜品种资源没有发现高抗枯萎病的材料．用抗病的野生资源与栽培品种杂交，可获得既具抗性、又有较好经济性状的后代，用外源ＤＮＡ导入技术，可获得外源瓠瓜ＤＮＡ导入西瓜的变异后代．     

北方早粳优异种质龙粳10号的选育研究

在"八五"国家水稻育种攻关研究项目取得的研究成果基础上,结合花培技术,育成了北方早粳新品种龙粳10号。该品种是集早熟、优质于一身的优异种质。已被北方稻区的黑龙江、内蒙、吉林等省(区)在生产上直接利用或作为育种亲本间接利用。     

热带亚热带蔬菜种质资源的利用与蔬菜育种*

 植物种质资源是发展农业生产和开发育种工作的物质基础,现代蔬菜生产对育种工作提出了越来越高的要求,要求新品种在丰产性、抗病性、适应性和品质等方面都有较大程度地提高,而这些目标的实现,首先决定于所掌握的各种基因资源。热带亚热带地区由于雨量充沛,植被丰富,土壤类型繁多,而且小气候多样,地形错综复杂,海拔差异显著,加之农业历史悠久和多样化的耕作制度,因此,经过长期的自然选择和人工选育,形成了非常丰富的蔬菜种质资源。本文拟对我国热带亚热带蔬菜种质资源的利用现状进行回顾,主要概述了热带亚热带蔬菜种质资源的分布、蔬菜种质资源的多样性、蔬菜育种的研究现状和存在的问题及以后蔬菜育种的目标、途径等,以供育种工作者参考。     

氮肥形态及揭膜对烤烟生长及产量品质的影响

通过大田试验,研究了不同形态氮素配比及揭膜时期对烤烟生长发育以及产量、品质的影响。结果表明:(1)烤烟大田所使用的氮肥形态以铵态氮和硝态氮各50%配比,烟株在移栽初期生长优势明显,上等烟的比例较高;(2)烟田揭去地膜后,其揭膜效应在烟株移栽后60d表现出来,这样有利于后期上部叶开秸开片,提高烤后烟叶上等烟比例、均价和产值。     

匈牙利小麦育种

简述了匈牙利小麦生产情况,重点介绍了匈牙利科学院农业研究所的小麦育种机构、育种方法、育种成就以及生物技术在小麦育种中的应用。